Japan that supported the Xinhai Revolution, Japan that protected the Last Emperor, and China that followed the West.
2021-11-25
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China's history is ７２ years
It is said that China has a history of ４,０００ years, but that would be wrong. The People's Republic of China was established in １９４９, so it is now ７２ years old. At least since the founding of the Republic of China, it has been China, and Xi Jinping said at the １１０th anniversary commemoration of the Xinhai Revolution that it is the People's Republic of China that will inherit Sun Yat-sen's will, but it is still １１０ years old.
It is correct to say that human history has existed in what is now China for ４,０００ years. Mainland China is an area where different ethnic groups founded various countries and then disappeared.
The Xinhai Revolution was carried out with support from Japan
Sun Yat-sen was a person who learned about Japanese society and the Meiji Restoration when he defected to Japan, and succeeded in the Xinhai Revolution. They were supported by Japan's Takeshi Inukai and Toten Miyazaki. Sun Yat-sen said, ``Japan's Restoration was the cause of the Chinese Revolution, and the Chinese Revolution was the result of Japan's Restoration,'' and ``The two were originally connected to achieve the restoration of East Asia.''
In that case, wouldn't it be Sun Yat-sen and his supporters from Japan that created the current China?
MEMO It was Japan that supported the Xinhai Revolution, and Sun Yat-sen also inherited Japan's hopes for the restoration of East Asia.
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Study abroad boom in Japan at the end of the Qing Dynasty - The Korean peninsula missed the chance to modernize, and China failed to inherit the revolutionary spirit and plunged into civil war.
Japan study abroad boom in China
Studying in Japan begins with 13 students
Korea became an independent nation in the Sino-Japanese War
The Korean Peninsula missed the chance to modernize
Even after the Qing Dynasty fell, the revolutionary spirit was not inherited
Wang Zhaoming government established after the Sino-Japanese War
In China, a boom in studying abroad in Japan arose after the Sino-Japanese War. The purpose of studying abroad was to learn about Japan's modernization and policy of enriching the country and strengthening its military. Emperor Guangxu, Kang Youwei, and other Chinese intellectuals carried out the Restoration movement of ``transformation and self-strength,'' but it was thwarted by the pressure of conservative forces. Subsequently, educational reforms at the time were modeled on Japan, including the abolition of the imperial examination system (1905), the establishment of the modern school system (1904), the promulgation of the "Educational Philosophy" (1906), and the trial of compulsory education (1907). This is what we sought.
In 1896, for the first time, 13 young people were sent by the Qing Dynasty government to study in Japan, where they studied Japanese, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and other subjects for three years at the Tokyo National Higher Normal School's cram school. It is said that approximately 20,000 international students had come to Japan by the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911.
Political figures include Zhou Enlai, Li Dabei, Chen Duxiu, Wei Bei, Dong Yiwu, Chiang Kai-shek, Man Zhongshi, and Wang Zhaomei. Sun Yat-sen came to Japan as an exile in 1895. Cultural figures included Lu Xun, Guo Muruo, Tian Han, and He Xianggong.
While Joseon Dynasty was aiming for Chinese-style modernization, the Sino-Japanese War broke out in the wake of the Gongbo Peasants' War, and with Japan's victory, the Korean Peninsula became an independent nation. Kim Ok-gyun, who called for Japanese-style modernization, was assassinated about four months before the Sino-Japanese War began.
The movement of modernization on the Korean Peninsula was actually faster than in China. However, it did not become a big sensation and was crushed by the Joseon Dynasty, which had an old political system. Ironically, this was also due to pro-China policies. On the other hand, immediately after losing the Sino-Japanese War, China changed its policy toward Japanese-style modernization. Koten Miyazaki describes Kim Ok-gyun, who was exiled to Japan and was assassinated in Shanghai, as a person who should have become the Sun Yat-sen of the Korean Peninsula. Miyazaki, along with Takeshi Inukai and others, supported Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution. The Korean Peninsula has failed to modernize on its own.
As a result, in 1911, Sun Yat-sen succeeded in the Xinhai Revolution and founded the Republic of China, but as a condition of Emperor Xuantong's abdication, he made an exchange deal in which Yuan Shikai, a Beiyang warlord, became president, and the Qing dynasty ended. became increasingly authoritarian. A second revolution will begin to overthrow this. Even after the Northern Expedition was completed and Chiang Kai-shek became the president of the Nationalist Party, the division of China in the West continued. The spirit of Sun Yat-sen's revolution was to learn from Japan's Restoration and to stand together with the West and maintain our independence.
As the partition of China progressed, the Sino-Japanese War broke out, and the spirit of revolution was inherited by Wang Zhaoming's Nanjing Provisional Government. He was a close aide to Sun Yat-sen, had the experience of studying abroad in Japan, and participated in the Greater East Asia Conference. Over a long period of time, China failed in its revolution. On the contrary, the civil war between the People's Republic of China continued, and the People's Republic of China with a completely different ideology was born, not to mention Sun Yat-sen's revolution. The Japanese Restoration that Sun Yat-sen aimed for was not only about modernization, but also about achieving a rich nation and strong military in Asia, and protecting its independence from becoming a Western colony.
Japan is the only country with people of color that has succeeded in modernizing itself. It was only natural for Asian countries to learn from Japan in order to modernize.
The Last Emperor who sent donations for the Great Kanto Earthquake
Aixinjue Luo Puyi was the last emperor of China, the Xuantong Emperor, and is the so-called Last Emperor. After the Xinhai Revolution, Puyi made living in the Forbidden City a condition of his abdication. When Japan was struck by the Great Kanto Earthquake, Puyi announced that he would send donations to Japan, including a large amount of jewelry from within the Forbidden City.
Japan protected the exiled Puyi
Afterwards, the Beijing Coup occurred and Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City, but Japan protected him. He approached Kenkichi Yoshizawa for protection through donations. Puyi was then protected by the Japanese concession of Tianjin.
After Japan's Kwantung Army conquered the Manchuria region, Puyi became the first emperor of Manchukuo. Although Manchukuo existed as a puppet government of Japan, Puyi lived as emperor again until the Soviet Union entered the war.
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The Last Emperor who appeared at the Tokyo Trials The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor of Manchukuo looked at the times.
The Last Emperor appeared at the Tokyo Trial
The Xinhai Revolution was a Chinese revolution supported by Japan
A revolution that had no choice but to join forces with the old dynasty forces
Russia's hand extended to the continent and peninsula
The idea of harmony between the five tribes of Manchukuo
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjueluo Puyi. He was also called the Last Emperor and appeared at the Tokyo Trials. There, in front of GHQ, he praised Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution as an innovative move for China, and said that the Qing bureaucracies at the time were deeply corrupt.
The Xinhai Revolution was a Sino-Japanese joint revolution that was supported by important Japanese figures to modernize China under the rule of the former dynasty. Sun Yat-sen is Sun Yat-sen. Nakayama is a Japanese name, and it was the name of his time in exile in Japan. Puyi understood this very well.
Manchuria was a territory of the Qing Dynasty that Russia came to take over. The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchu people, that is, by Puyi's ancestors.
The Xinhai Revolution had to rely on Yuan Shikai's help to suppress the Beiyang warlords, and it cannot be denied that it was a half-hearted revolution, so Puyi's conditions of residence in the Forbidden City were revoked and he was exiled.
The conflict between Russia's interests in Manchuria and the conflict on the Korean Peninsula progressed simultaneously. Russia thought it would be a good idea to colonize China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the same way as Northeast Asian nations.
The Russo-Japanese War not only stopped the Russian colonization of the Korean Peninsula, but also eliminated Russian interests from Manchuria and led to the establishment of Manchukuo. Puyi then became the first emperor of Manchukuo.
Puyi, a Manchurian, was expelled from the Forbidden City and ascended the throne again in his homeland. Many workers came and went from the Korean peninsula to Manchuria, and many people from the Korean peninsula immigrated to cultivate the fertile land of Manchuria. Manchukuo's spirit of ``Five Tribes Harmony'' is an ideal that was built on the reality that these ethnic groups coexist: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Chinese.
It is said that Japan was carrying out plunder and genocide on the Korean Peninsula. It's strange.
Did China inherit Sun Yat-sen's will?
When thinking about who inherited Sun Yat-sen's will, it is not the People's Republic of China, assuming Sun Yat-sen's words, ``The two are originally connected as one and will achieve the restoration of East Asia.'' That's clear. The Chinese Communist Party is an anti-Japanese force, and current China is an anti-Japanese nation.
And even though China is in Asia, has it not sided with the West in its efforts to colonize Asia?
POINT China sided with the West in World War II. The Potsdam Declaration was jointly signed by the United States, Britain, and China.
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China's expansion policy is a historical necessity - Japan is the only neighboring country that did not listen.
Japan is probably the only East Asian country that has been not under Chinese control.Prince Shotoku's personal letter, "The Emperor of the rising Sun send a letter to you who is Emperor of the sun set ". declared that Japan was not a subordinate country to China.The Huns, Sun Fei, Khitan, Yeojin, Manchuria, and Mongolia were a threat to the Han nationality, and the era of the 16th Kingdom of the Five Kingdoms was a time when many ethnic groups owned the country.The Sunbae people established the Sui and Tang dynasties, the Nujin and the Manchurians established the Qing dynasties during the King Jin dynasties.
Originally, China was conscious of the northern and western continents.In order to guard against foreign invasion, the capital was relocated from Xi'an to Beijing and the Great Wall was built.The Korean Peninsula has not shown its willingness to invade China.Although it was a subordinate country, it maintained its ethnic area as a country.Unlike nomads in the northern part of the peninsula, they settled down.Due to the small area of flat land and the lack of agricultural technology, the land is poor and the number of slaves is large.When the nomadic people eat up, they just move to the next place.At the opening ceremony of the Beijing Olympics, the video of foreigners praising China was the essence of China, and as a result of conquest, China now exists.
The identity of China itself in history was to conquest Asia.
Mongolia, which unified the northern peoples in the past, invaded China and established a Yuan dynasties.This is the time when China's expansionary policy is the most important.To the north, the Duchy of Novgorod and other major Russian states were under control, and to the west, Poland was attacked three times.As a result, Poland became a ruined country, although it originally withdrew its troops.During this period, the Goryeo dynasties collapsed on the Korean Peninsula and returned to their original rule.
Aggression to Japan was carried out as part of Yuan's expansionary policy.As a result, the Yuan army was destroyed and Japan maintained its independence after two attacks.Historically, China has a strong belief that Asian countries are under Chinese rule.This is because China was unified by conquering Asia.Only Japan is different.China has never beaten Japan in history.
Japan is a rare country that repelled this during China's expansion and defended its independence against Western colonialism.
Will Xi Jinping's reform and opening-up policy continue to be revised in his third term? - There is no change in his ambition to unify Taiwan.
Xi Jinping's third term begins
Will the reform and opening-up policy continue to be revised?
Free industrial investment is essential for industrial growth
What is necessary to continue economic growth
No change in ambition to annex Taiwan
With the end of the Communist Party Congress and the start of Xi Jinping's third term, various reports have been made. Taken as a whole, it seems that the direction of revision of the reform and opening-up policy since Deng Xiaoping has been indicated. The results of Xi Jinping's economic policies are unclear in every sense, but it is clear that China's economy has grown due to the reform and opening-up path initiated by Deng Xiaoping, the partial introduction of market economic theory, and U.S.-China relations. Although Xi Jinping does not explicitly criticize these, what he is doing appears to be aiming for a return to the old style of Chinese socialism.
Although this is a country where individuals cannot own real estate, laws that allow individuals to buy and sell rented real estate are restricting growing real estate companies and forcing them into bankruptcy, and reining in the heads of growing companies like Alibaba. Does Xi Jinping think that these economic elements are a threat to China's socialist forces that were born on the path of reform and opening up? I have to say that his sense of being a threat is correct. This is because a liberal economy will destroy the socialist system.
In order for the economy to continue to grow, we must ensure as much freedom as possible. There are limits to simply investing in certain industries that the country has chosen as part of its national policy. A process in which these industrial investments are opened up to the private sector, private banks are free to make industrial investments, and private companies are free to commercialize services that have never existed before is an essential condition.
Various freedoms are essential for this, including freedom of speech, freedom of thought and belief, and academic freedom. This creates new social norms and new ways of living, which in turn leads to the creation of new products and services. Plants have a chance to flourish when they grow freely as intended.
Critics say that Xi Jinping has chosen stability over growth. What is worrisome, however, is that there has been no change to the ambition to unify Taiwan. Such restorationists are likely to advocate nationalism and wage wars of aggression. You can imagine this by looking at the current President Putin.
China wants to improve relations with the EU at the summit between the EU and China - neutral position to benefit from both sides.
A summit meeting between China and the EU was held on the 1st.At a press conference after the summit, Mr. Fondairaien stressed, "In this war, Europeans will not accept any support for Russia."Xi said, "The international community should prepare the conditions and conditions for negotiations between Russia and Ukraine rather than fuel the fire and intensify the conflict."The meeting revealed that China is using the Ukraine issue to improve its relations with the EU.Some Japanese media say that China should use its position to find a way to solve the Ukraine problem, but it is better not to do so.In a big sense, it is hard to understand why liberal countries have been fighting against China's hegemonism or are trying to cope with the current invasion of Ukraine.
After a ceasefire agreement is reached with Russia, China will provide economic support to Russia at any time, and if it deals with and approaches liberal countries on this issue, it will benefit from it, and if it becomes a leader in the ceasefire, China's international standing will rise.The war should end as soon as possible, but a strange world begins to turn again.The Wigur, the Nansha Islands, Taiwan and Ukraine issues are force-driven changes and should be viewed in the same way as human rights violations.Given the significance of the issues that need to be addressed, it is highly contradictory to expect China, which is the party to the infringement of another issue, just because of the current war in Ukraine.
In the first place, doubts arose about the existence of the United Nations as permanent members of the Security Council, Russia and China.During the Cold War, East and West countries functioned as places for dialogue, but now we are not in a Cold War state, and international organizations are calling for human rights in the world, with non-liberal countries as permanent members of the Security Council.We cannot help but think that Russia and China are not fit to be permanent members of the United Nations, including the Ukraine issue, the Uighur issue, and the Taiwan issue.The world needs an international organization that is without their influence.
What China wants to get is more than necessary.Taiwan called them as
Chinese culture is one where extravagance is a virtue. It is hospitality to provide more food than you can eat, and leaving some leftover food means that you are full, and conversely, eating all of it means that you didn't have enough food, which is a cultural difference. I'm surprised.
When Japan withdrew from the war and the Republic of China (KMT) came to Taiwan, it was expressed as ``the dogs left and the pigs came.'' The meaning is that dogs (in Japan) are noisy but protect the house. It means that the pig (KMT) will only eat up. It is said that Taiwanese received Japanese education during the Japanese colonial period, and were taught the concepts of moderation, restraint, and patience. This brought order to Taiwanese society and reduced crime. For Taiwanese people, the rule by the Chinese Nationalist Party must have seemed too contrasting.
When I was a student, I worked part-time at a karaoke pub in Shibuya, and Mr. Li, a Chinese man working in the kitchen, was often scolded by the manager for eating food from the kitchen. The rule for the food provided by the store was that you could eat as much white rice as you wanted, but Mr. Lee was eating a pile of white rice on a platter similar to curry rice.
He ended up secretly eating an apple in the bathroom, which got him fired. The reason for this was that apple cores clogged the toilet and caused a flood. At that time, China was still poor, and my Japanese part-time friend said that it was a pity to be fired because China was poor, but I thought that no matter how poor someone was, if they were full, they wouldn't eat any more.
The Chinese believe that there is no problem because pigs eat leftover food left over by humans, and humans then eat the pigs. In China, it is considered polite to leave much of a meal uneaten, which is why there is no sense of guilt. When China began economic growth, the problem of garbage became a problem. I remember that a large amount of leftover food became impossible to dispose of, and a female newscaster on a Chinese news program shouted, ``Even pigs can't eat any more garbage!'' I wonder if she is also making a mistake with this caster. Leftover food from restaurants in the city is not sent to pig farms.
What I'm trying to say is that in Chinese culture, you need more than you need to be satisfied. Satisfaction can only be achieved when you have all of them. This means that even in times of poverty, the idea of moderation and moderation did not develop as a culture. When I think about it, I get a chill down my spine as I wonder how much of what China currently wants to obtain.
What current China wants to gain from its expansion policy. It's not what you need, it's more than you need.
His Majesty the Emperor's visit to China was greeted with a warm welcome - his visit to South Korea has not yet materialized.
Former General Secretary Deng Xiaoping, who came to Japan in 1978, became the first leader of the People's Republic of China to meet with the Emperor.Since then, the Emperor's visit to China has been the long-cherished wish of the Communist Party of China.After the death of Emperor Showa, the Tiananmen Incident occurred from Perestroika to the end of the Cold War.It was the Emperor's visit to China in 1992 amid China's worldwide isolation and international criticism.Foreign Minister Michio Watanabe, who accompanied him, asked Shanghai Vice Mayor Zhao Qizheng, "If many people go out on the street, will there be people throwing eggs at them?" Zhao replied, "That's not going to happen."On the contrary, there were many lines along the road, and the Emperor waved to each and every one of them and the train marched.
The countries where the 125th Emperor visited during his reign.
1991 Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia
1992 China
1993 Belgium, Italy, Germany, Vatican
1994 United States, France, Spain, Germany
1997 Brazil, Argentina, Luxembourg, United States
1998 England, Denmark, Poland
2000 Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, Finland
2002 Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic, Austria
2005 Norway, Ireland, Saipan Island
2006 Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Thailand
2007 Sweden, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, United Kingdom
2009 Canada, Hawaii
2012 United Kingdom
2013 India
2015 Palau
2016 Philippines
2017 Vietnam, Thailand
Even if there is diplomatic relations between countries, if you think about what true diplomatic relations are for Japan, which has the Emperor, your visit can be one of the criteria for friendly relations.
His Majesty's visit to South Korea has not been realized.It goes without saying why.A fierce war with China resulted in many deaths on both sides.There are still many concerns, but at least the two countries have a long history.It is undeniable that both sides have overcome the problem and are moving forward little by little.
Is Japan-South Korea relations an extension of history?The friendly relationship between Korea and Japan, based on the fiction of a false history, collapsed with the advent of Moon Jae In.If anti-Japanese sentiment has declined due to his absence, what time should we return?
China's feelings toward Japan seem to be moving forward and backward, but it is clear that the two countries are completely different compared to China and Korea.
The Last Emperor who appeared at the Tokyo Trials The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty and the first emperor of Manchukuo looked at the times.
The Last Emperor appeared at the Tokyo Trial
The Xinhai Revolution was a Chinese revolution supported by Japan
A revolution that had no choice but to join forces with the old dynasty forces
Russia's hand extended to the continent and peninsula
The idea of harmony between the five tribes of Manchukuo
The last emperor of the Qing Dynasty was Aixinjueluo Puyi. He was also called the Last Emperor and appeared at the Tokyo Trials. There, in front of GHQ, he praised Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution as an innovative move for China, and said that the Qing bureaucracies at the time were deeply corrupt.
The Xinhai Revolution was a Sino-Japanese joint revolution that was supported by important Japanese figures to modernize China under the rule of the former dynasty. Sun Yat-sen is Sun Yat-sen. Nakayama is a Japanese name, and it was the name of his time in exile in Japan. Puyi understood this very well.
Manchuria was a territory of the Qing Dynasty that Russia came to take over. The Qing Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty founded by the Manchu people, that is, by Puyi's ancestors.
The Xinhai Revolution had to rely on Yuan Shikai's help to suppress the Beiyang warlords, and it cannot be denied that it was a half-hearted revolution, so Puyi's conditions of residence in the Forbidden City were revoked and he was exiled.
The conflict between Russia's interests in Manchuria and the conflict on the Korean Peninsula progressed simultaneously. Russia thought it would be a good idea to colonize China, the Korean Peninsula, and Japan in the same way as Northeast Asian nations.
The Russo-Japanese War not only stopped the Russian colonization of the Korean Peninsula, but also eliminated Russian interests from Manchuria and led to the establishment of Manchukuo. Puyi then became the first emperor of Manchukuo.
Puyi, a Manchurian, was expelled from the Forbidden City and ascended the throne again in his homeland. Many workers came and went from the Korean peninsula to Manchuria, and many people from the Korean peninsula immigrated to cultivate the fertile land of Manchuria. Manchukuo's spirit of ``Five Tribes Harmony'' is an ideal that was built on the reality that these ethnic groups coexist: Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Han Chinese.
It is said that Japan was carrying out plunder and genocide on the Korean Peninsula. It's strange.