The limits of the industrial revolution and modernization on the Korean Peninsula - At the time of the annexation, the Korean Peninsula lacked everything.
2021-07-10
Category:Annexation of Japan and Korea I'm participating in the ranking.Please click and cheer for me.
What the wheels and needles mean
In １８０５, the Korean Confucian scholar Jeong Dong-yu listed sheep, wheels, and needles as things that did not exist on the Korean peninsula. The wheel refers to the technology that transforms and processes wood, and the needle refers to the precision processing of metal. At that time, there was no technology to make wheels on the Korean peninsula, so cargo was carried on the backs of oxen or carried on the shoulders or heads of people. The needle also needed to have a sharp metal tip and a hole in the back for the thread to pass through, and these items were ordered from China.
Isabella Bird traveled to Korea
Isabel Bird, who traveled to the Korean peninsula four times in three years from １８９４ to １８９７, said, ``The road to Seoul was so narrow that cattle could not pass each other, and it was like a maze.'' It's just a passage," he wrote. It can be seen from this that there were no vehicles with more than two horizontal wheels.
What is needed for the industrial revolution
The industrial revolution produced large machines and produced goods in large quantities. Wood processing technology and metal processing technology are essential to making industrial machinery. Distribution is then needed to transport the products to each region. Vehicles that transport raw materials and products need roads to begin with. In order to communicate work processes to workers and create manufacturing records, workers must be able to read and write. Without a monetary economy, products cannot be manufactured or traded. At that time, the Korean peninsula did not have everything necessary for the industrial revolution.
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Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by the Chinese continent, and successive Korean dynasties have become vassal states - What is Japan's position from the perspective of the continental p
Geographically, the Korean Peninsula is covered by mainland China
A vassal state of China since its founding
Korea continues to be invaded by China
China and Korea were ruled by different ethnic groups
Seeing history from the perspective of northern peoples
South Korea only denounces Japanese rule
The Korean Peninsula has a history that is inseparable from China, as the peninsula's geographical characteristics make it look like it is completely covered by the Chinese continent.
What exactly is this sense of victimhood and hostility toward Japan that Korean people have? The historical differences between China and Japan seen from South Korea are largely due to geopolitical reasons as seen from a map, but that is not the only reason. I would like to think about it in terms of the dominant ethnic group and the ruled ethnic group.
Legend has it that there were countries called Dangun Joseon and Minojo Joseon, but archaeologically it is said that they existed from the later Eishi Joseon.
The legendary Mino Korea is said to have been founded by the Mino of the Shang Dynasty in China, and the Wei Dynasty Joseon is said to have been founded by the Wei clan of the Yan Dynasty in China. Both were founded as vassal states of China.
After that, Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla entered the Three Kingdoms period, and then the Sui Dynasty invaded Koguryo, and the Tang Dynasty invaded Koguryo.
Although Goryeo established a unified dynasty, it was placed under the control of the Later Tang Dynasty shortly after its founding. During the Yuan Dynasty, China was invaded by the Mongol Empire and became a vassal state. The Allied Forces of Mongolia and Goryeo invaded Japan twice, but failed.
Lee Seong-gye, who founded the Joseon Dynasty, is also known as the Jurchen people, and the Jurchen people were an ethnic group that lived in the Manchuria region, and later Hong Taiji founded the Qing Dynasty in China.
From China's point of view, the Korean people are recognized as a different ethnic group living outside the Great Wall of China, and these ethnic groups lived primarily as nomadic peoples, but due to the geographical relationship of the peninsula, the Korean people have decided to settle down. It seems that it has become.
Northern ethnic groups such as the Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Jurchen, Manchu, and Mongolians were a threat not only to the Han Chinese in China, but also to the Koreans.
Looking at the history of China, there have been only a handful of unified dynasties founded by the Han Chinese, who make up the majority of the country, and for most of its history, different ethnic groups have ruled the Chinese mainland.
When I look at world history, I have never seen a history centered on northern peoples, but if I dare to look at it from that perspective, both China and the Korean peninsula were invaded and dominated by northern peoples.
The Sui, Tang, and Yuan dynasties that invaded the Korean Peninsula mentioned above are different ethnic states in China if you consider them centered on the Han people. It is also a country of different ethnic groups when viewed from the perspective of the Korean Peninsula.
In addition to small-scale direct invasions by foreign ethnic groups, the majority of the history of the Korean peninsula is that they invaded the peninsula after taking control of mainland China.
In this composition, Japan is classified as one of China's peripheral ethnic groups. Geographically speaking, Japan is called Toi in contrast to Northern Yi. They are a neighboring ethnic group common to China and the Korean Peninsula.
If we look at the annexation of Japan and Korea in the above sense, it means that the Korean peninsula was ruled by a different ethnic nation that also shared China. It is also a foreign country to China.
Some people point out the contradiction in that Koreans do not complain about the fact that they were ruled by China for over 1,000 years, but they hold a grudge against Japan for 1,000 years only for 35 years, but in reality, the country of China itself is the same. I wonder if there is a complicated background to the history of a controlled area.
Historically, Japan may still be recognized as a common enemy of China and the Korean Peninsula.
It is said that South Korea's sense of victimhood is something that has been cultivated historically, but if you look closer at the globe, you can see that mainland China has also had a history of being invaded. Based on this, Japan should resolutely clarify its position.
Modernization brought about by Japan
Japan introduced industrial machinery, cars, roads, school education, etc. to the Korean Peninsula. The class system was abolished, slaves were freed, and a mobile labor force was created. This gave rise to mass production, wide-area distribution, and a monetary economy in which money and goods were exchanged. This is the industrial revolution and modernization that Japan brought to the Korean Peninsula.
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Japan organized the history of the Korean peninsula, and Korea eliminated it and created its own history.
It was Japan that organized the history of the Korean Peninsula. Until then, various documents had simply been stored in that location. Systematized from the perspective of modern history. In addition to Japanese historians such as Iwakichi Inaba, Yasukazu Suematsu, and Hidetaka Nakamura, intellectuals and cultural figures from the Korean peninsula such as Hong Hui, Lee Yong-wha, Choi Nam-seon, and Lee Byeong-yeon also participated, for a total of 41 people. Climb to the top. Japanese scholars generously taught intellectuals on the Korean Peninsula the ways of thinking and systematizing modern history.
There are 4,950 materials borrowed from visits throughout the Korean Peninsula, Japan and Manchuria, 1,623 copies of selected important items, and 3,500 used books that serve as historical sources for the text.
After the war, these historical books were created under Japanese rule, and were rejected as a colonial view of history. Instead, an ethnic view of history created by Korean Peninsulars themselves emerged and was introduced into school education. Not only historians, but also the pro-Japanese factions were ostracized from society, saying that they were trying to get rid of all the bad things they had done. This ethnic view of history has led to the unfounded history that leads to the present day.
Not only in history editing, but in all fields, modern technology and learning brought from Japan were rejected as something brought by postwar Japan. The people who were involved in these events are also ostracized as vestiges of the schedule.
In other words, there were many people who helped the development of the Korean peninsula at the time of Japan's annexation of Korea. Historiography, which was established after the war by eliminating dissenters, is far from an academic approach in the first place. Children on the Korean Peninsula today are learning a story that is a continuation of a national historical perspective that lacks objectivity.
Why is Taiwan so different from Korea? That's a big difference in the spirit of national foundation.difference in the oath of independence between the two countries
If you think about why Taiwan and Korea are so different, there are differences in national character, but there is no solution.The division of the Korean Peninsula was born in the Cold War structure, not in the form of socialism and democracy.It is a mysterious structure of confrontation between military dictatorship and socialism.In Taiwan, the Kuomintang, which confronts the Communist Party of China, is a one-party dictatorship, not a democracy.
In Korea, people who cooperated with Japan were purged and excluded.Pro-Japanese forces rioted in Taiwan after the eight-year-old Nihil incidents.The Kuomintang government later purged local intellectuals and communists for fear of a recurrence.I thought this would be the same, but I looked into various things to see if there was a purge of pro-Japanese forces, but I couldn't find it.
Korea and Taiwan have many things in common.After the end of World War II, Japan's founding was not a democracy that confronted socialism.South Korea is confronting North Korea and Taiwan is confronting the Communist Party of China.Both countries have become democracies.
There is a clear difference between Chiang Kai-shek's speech on August 15.The following is excerpts from the interview with Alperovitch.
Chiang Kai-shek 8.15 Speech
Our compatriots in China (Taiwan) should know that "not thinking about old evils" and "doing good to others" are the high and precious virtues of our national tradition.We have consistently stated that we do not regard the Japanese people as enemies, but only the warlords who use Japan's tyrannical and atrocious force as enemies.Today the enemy forces were defeated jointly by our allies defeated by our allies.Needless to say, we will strictly encourage them to carry out all the terms of surrender.But we must not retaliate, let alone insult innocent people.We can only treat them with mercy that they are mocked and driven by Nazi warlords so that they can escape their mistakes and sins.If you respond with violence to the atrocities committed by your enemies, and with servile humiliation to their sense of superiority, vengeance will call for vengeance and will never end.This is by no means the object of our fight for humanity.This is especially important for our fellow soldiers and civilians today.
Chiang Kai-shek, like Lee Seung-man, cited the Nazis, but his goal was completely different.This may have greatly divided the future of the two countries.
The provisional government of the Republic of Korea in the preamble to the Korean Constitution has been sworn in by the provisional government."Our justice is really superior to Japanese violence."Wake up and be the last one."
The forced labor issue is one that recognizes the annexation of Japan and South Korea as an illegal act and allows claims for compensation for forced labor.
Korean Ambassador to Japan proposes subrogation payment
Is it an unpaid wage issue or a tort issue?
Past tort disputes
There are no actual cases in which a tort has been recognized under international law
Mr. Yun Deok-min, who has been appointed as the Korean ambassador to Japan under the newly inaugurated Yun Seok-Yeong administration, seems to be proposing a plan for the South Korean government to make subrogation payments regarding the issue of conscripted labor. has two completely different points. The issues are ``unpaid wages'' and ``illegal acts.''
One is the issue of ``unpaid wages,'' which arose during discussions in the Japan-Korea Claims Agreement when Koreans moved to the Korean peninsula immediately after the war, or when Japanese companies moved from the Korean peninsula.
This was included in the 1965 agreement as post-war compensation, and the South Korean side received it, and even after that, under the Lu Moo-hyun administration, the South Korean government continued to compensate the unpaid wages of conscripted workers as included in the 1965 agreement. Going .
The current issue of conscripted labor is that the conscription itself is forced labor, which is illegal under international law, and is an anti-humanitarian act directly connected to illegal colonial rule and the waging of a war of aggression. This is a ``claim for compensation'' based on a unilateral decision made by the Supreme Court.
This is also the issue of forced to work (requisition recognized under international law) or forced labor (forced labor not recognized under international law), which was disputed when Gunkanjima was applied for as a World Heritage Site. It goes without saying that the National General Mobilization Order applies equally to all citizens and is a legal form of forced to work under international law.The use of forced to work in the registration of Gunkanjima as a UNESCO World Heritage Site also allowed the South Korean side to has also agreed.
No international military tribunal has ever been held on the Korean peninsula since the end of the war, and there has never been a single case of a war criminal on the Korean peninsula, and no one has been tried as a war criminal. There is no fact that the annexation of Japan and South Korea is illegal, nor is there a single fact that the forced recruitment related to recruitment has been recognized as illegal under international law.
In other words, the key point in the current issue of forced labor is that the South Korean Supreme Court ruled that it was an illegal act without any basis or reference to international law. In this sense, Yoon Deok-min uses the expression "subrogated payment," but it seems quite strange. This is because the illegality of conscription and the annexation of Japan and South Korea itself does not exist.
Korean Empire It is strange to call the emperor king, saying that the Chinese emperor is the only emperor, that the Korean Peninsula is a king, and that Japan is king.Japan is not originally a subject of China.The Korean Empire was founded after the Sino-Japanese War. King Gojong said we are no longer a subordinate country to China, so it needs to have the title of emperor.That's why it's the Korean Empire.Although it was under Japan's protection, Japan approved it.The Emperor's Imperial Rescript, which led to the annexation of Japan and South Korea, also states that he is the Emperor of Korea.
Syngman Rhee disliked Japan and rewrote history; repeated purges to make the current government a "better government".
After the war, the thing that the South Korean government hated most was the phrase, ``The Japanese era was better.'' In fact, the February 28 Incident occurred in Taiwan, causing pro-Japanese groups to riot, and former President Syngman Rhee must have been alarmed after hearing about the incident. 2.28 Incident occurred in 1947, and the Republic of Korea was founded in 1948. Martial law was imposed in Taiwan for 38 years.
Immediately after the founding of the country, pro-Japanese groups were expelled. Just because they were nostalgic for the Japanese rule, they were treated as political prisoners, like communists, and were arrested and imprisoned. In just two years since the founding of the country, the number of arrests has exceeded the number of people arrested during the 35 years of Japanese rule.
Syngman Rhee, the first president of the Republic of Korea, did not actually know anything about Japanese rule, as he spent most of the time abroad. However, he hated Japan. During the time when Syngman Rhee was in exile in the United States, Joseon was even advertised as an ``ideal oriental nation'' before Japanese rule.
Although Japanese rule had ended in Taiwan, the Kuomintang army led by Chiang Kai-shek arrived there, and their politics were terrible. Even though Japanese rule has ended in South Korea, there is no guarantee that the country will be able to be run successfully.
Since the people who were involved in the management of the country during the Japanese colonial era were expelled one after another as remnants of the Japanese Empire, a group of amateurs with no political experience were left in charge of political administration. In addition, many purges and massacres of communists have been carried out due to concerns that they may collude with North Korea and aim to overthrow the country.
For the Republic of Korea, which was established as a military regime, those who could pose a threat to the management of the country were those who were pro-Japanese and communists. While they were hysterically eliminated, anti-Japanese language was also used to deflect criticism of the government's mismanagement, such as the Bodo League Incident, the Jeju April 3rd Incident, and the National Defense Force Incident. /red#.
Bodo League Incident A massacre that took place at a facility that re-educated communists and their families.
Jeju Island April 3 Incident A massacre was carried out in response to a riot that occurred on Jeju Island in South Korea, which is under the control of the United States Army Headquarters Military Government Agency.
National Defense Force Incident In January 1951, during the Korean War, executives of South Korea's National Defense Force Headquarters stole military supplies, food, and rice supplied to the National Defense Force. Embezzled. It is said that over 90,000 Korean soldiers starved to death due to embezzlement.
Past history has also been rewritten. Since Syngman Rhee himself had no knowledge of the Japanese colonial period, it could be said that it was easy for him to rewrite history.
The historical view that the Korean peninsula was exploited and enslaved during the Japanese colonial period creates an imaginary "better government" in which even if domestic politics does not go well after the founding of Korea, it will be much better than the Japanese colonial period. I created it .
In order to make that view of history into social norms, even affirming Japanese rule would become a political prisoner. The most problematic thing is that such conventional wisdom and education are still being inherited today.
